{"id":428,"date":"2022-11-18T19:04:22","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T19:04:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/homo-faber-fortunae-suae\/"},"modified":"2022-12-14T11:04:54","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T11:04:54","slug":"homo-faber-fortunae-suae","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/homo-faber-fortunae-suae\/","title":{"rendered":"Homo faber fortunae suae"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ admin_label=“Header“ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ background_color=“gcid-e6f76045-68bd-4f05-b97b-aaccfb770e62″ custom_padding=“50px||50px||true|false“ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{%22gcid-e6f76045-68bd-4f05-b97b-aaccfb770e62%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.18.0″ header_font=“Neo sans||||||||“ header_text_color=“#FFFFFF“ header_font_size=“60px“ custom_margin=“||0px||false|false“ custom_padding=“||0px||false|false“ header_font_size_tablet=“50px“ header_font_size_phone=“40px“ header_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Homo faber fortunae suae<\/h1>\n

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\u010clovek je strojcom svojho \u0161\u0165astia<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ admin_label=“About“ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ custom_padding=“40px||40px||false|false“ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.18.0″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.18.0″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“2em“ header_font=“||||||||“ header_2_font=“Abril Fatface||||||||“ header_2_font_size=“56px“ header_2_line_height=“1.1em“ text_line_height_tablet=““ text_line_height_phone=“1.8em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“ header_2_font_size_tablet=“36px“ header_2_font_size_phone=“24px“ header_2_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

P\u00fdtali sme sa sami seba ako prebieha prechod od stredovekej k renesan\u010dnej kult\u00fare: ako sa men\u00ed cit \u010dloveka k sebe sam\u00e9mu a k okolit\u00e9mu svetu? \u010co stavia\u0161 do stredu svojho \u017eivota? \u010clovek sa st\u00e1va hlavn\u00fdm hrdinom, schopn\u00fdm riadi\u0165 svoj vlastn\u00fd osud a by\u0165 schopn\u00fd ho formova\u0165, ako nazna\u010duje fr\u00e1za, ktor\u00e1 d\u00e1va n\u00e1zov tejto novej kapitole na\u0161ej cesty, prevzatej z r\u00edmskeho sveta. Aby sme sa dostali k jadru renesan\u010dn\u00e9ho myslenia, rozhodli sme sa tu predstavi\u0165 p\u00e4\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fdch diel z Florencie, Ben\u00e1tok a Bratislavy.<\/p>\n

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Za\u010dnime najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ou pamiatkou: David <\/strong>di Michelangelo<\/strong>. Ke\u010f bola socha 8. septembra 1504 po prv\u00fd raz vystaven\u00e1 v meste Florencia, vzbudila u v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eas a obdiv. P\u00f4sobiv\u00e1 bola neuverite\u013en\u00e1 technick\u00e1 a v\u00fdrazov\u00e1 schopnos\u0165, s ktorou Michelangelo dok\u00e1zal vyformova\u0165 atletick\u00fa postavu tohto mlad\u00e9ho hrdinu, zablokovan\u00e9ho v okamihu tesne pred bojom proti obrovi Goli\u00e1\u0161ovi. Dielo je ve\u013emi p\u00f4sobiv\u00e9: je vysok\u00e9 5,17 metra a v\u00e1\u017ei 5560 kilogramov. Hlava a ruky mlad\u00e9ho hrdinu s\u00fa mierne zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e9, akoby chceli zv\u00fdrazni\u0165 miesto rozumu a n\u00e1stroj, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho rozum \u010dloveka p\u00f4sob\u00ed svaly s\u00fa stiahnut\u00e9, v\u00fdraz poh\u013eadu je ve\u013emi intenz\u00edvny.\u00a0 Dielo navrhnut\u00e9 na poh\u013ead zdola je harmonick\u00e9 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch svojich \u010dastiach. Dokonal\u00e9 stelesnenie fyzick\u00e9ho a mor\u00e1lneho ide\u00e1lu renesan\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Ide\u00e1l \u201eob\u010dana-bojovn\u00edka\u201c, socha-symbol v\u00ed\u0165azstiev republik\u00e1nov nad ak\u00fdmko\u013evek zneu\u017eit\u00edm moci: po smrti dominik\u00e1na Girolama Savonarolu (23. m\u00e1ja 1498) bola vo Florencii ustanoven\u00e1 oligarchick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pod\u013ea vzoru ben\u00e1tskeho, ktor\u00fd vedie do\u017eivotn\u00fd gonfalonier Pier Soderini, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho Michelangelo z\u00edskal z\u00e1kazku na dielo. Z cintor\u00edna Santa Maria del Fiore bol preto D\u00e1vid so sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fdm ceremoni\u00e1lom presunut\u00fd na Piazza della Signoria, s\u00eddlo mestskej moci. Tu ho prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zasiahol blesk, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobil trhliny vo v\u00fd\u0161ke \u010dlenkov, a potom sa stal obe\u0165ou vandalizmu v roku 1527, po ktorom nasledovala obnova, ktor\u00fa vykonali Giorgio Vasari a Francesco Salviati. Dnes je nahraden\u00e1 k\u00f3piou, pri\u010dom origin\u00e1l mo\u017eno obdivova\u0165 v Accademia Galleries vo Florencii.<\/p>\n

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Ne\u010faleko od Piazza della Signoria sa nach\u00e1dza kostol Orsanmichele<\/strong>, p\u00f4vodne postaven\u00fd ako s\u00eddlo obiln\u00e9ho trhu, nesk\u00f4r premenen\u00fd na kostol umenia, starovek\u00e9 florentsk\u00e9 korpor\u00e1cie. Donatello<\/strong> tu pre jeden z vonkaj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdklenkov na objedn\u00e1vku \u0161ermiarov a zbroj\u00e1rov nama\u013eoval okolo roku 1415 sochu San Giorgio<\/strong> s gotick\u00fdm sv\u00e4tost\u00e1nkom, dnes nahraden\u00fa k\u00f3piou (origin\u00e1l je v m\u00fazeu Bargello).<\/p>\n

Dokonca aj San Giorgio steles\u0148uje embl\u00e9m renesan\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, jeho mor\u00e1lnej integrity, jeho hrdosti a energie, jeho \u00fastredn\u00e9ho postavenia vo svete. Je to zaoblen\u00e1 socha, oslava tohto r\u00edmskeho vojensk\u00e9ho sv\u00e4tca, ktor\u00fd zachr\u00e1nil komunitu Selem v L\u00edbyi a \u017eivot princeznej pred hrozbou draka.<\/p>\n

Je zobrazen\u00fd vo chv\u00edli silnej koncentr\u00e1cie pred akciou. Postava je mierne oto\u010den\u00e1 vzh\u013eadom na stredov\u00fa os (tvoren\u00fa kri\u017eiackym \u0161t\u00edtom) a je postaven\u00e1 na hre geometrick\u00fdch tvarov, ov\u00e1lov a trojuholn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013emi detailn\u00e1 a vierohodn\u00e1 drap\u00e9ria st\u00e1le odha\u013euje ur\u010dit\u00e9 stopy gotick\u00e9ho vkusu, zatia\u013e \u010do vyrovnanos\u0165 n\u00e1metu predznamen\u00e1va nov\u00fa donatelovsk\u00fa citlivos\u0165. Postava p\u00f4sob\u00ed sol\u00eddne a sebavedomo, Donatello v tv\u00e1ri, orientovanej do\u013eava, d\u00e1va z\u00e1dum\u010div\u00e9 \u010drty: obo\u010die je stiahnut\u00e9, \u010delo zvra\u0161ten\u00e9, aby vyjadrilo \u00fazkos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 zaplavuje du\u0161u subjektu, zatia\u013e \u010do postoj je hrd\u00fd, neboj\u00e1cny vojak.<\/p>\n

Na op\u00edsanie poh\u013eadu sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Juraja nen\u00e1jdeme lep\u0161ie slov\u00e1 ako tie, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017eil Vasari, ktor\u00fd zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje jeho, stra\u0161livo stra\u0161n\u00fa \u017eivos\u0165.\u201c<\/p>\n

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Na spodnej \u010dasti sv\u00e4tost\u00e1nku n\u00e1jdeme reli\u00e9f so sc\u00e9nou sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Juraja zab\u00edjaj\u00faceho draka, realizovan\u00fd technikou stiacciato (ve\u013emi n\u00edzky reli\u00e9f) a v ktorom si Donatello po\u017ei\u010diava Brunelleschiho line\u00e1rnu perspekt\u00edvu, v\u010faka \u010domu je San Giorgio uprostred z\u00farivosti mizn\u00fdm bodom sc\u00e9ny, teda jej centrom.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f na chv\u00ed\u013eu opust\u00edme Florenciu a pokra\u010dujeme smerom k Ben\u00e1tkam, chceme v\u00e1m predstavi\u0165 jazdeck\u00fd pam\u00e4tn\u00edk: je to bronzov\u00e1 socha venovan\u00e1 vodcovi Bartolomeo Colleoni<\/strong> (1395-1475), ktor\u00fa vytvoril Andrea del Verrocchio<\/strong> v rokoch 1480 a\u017e 1488 a nach\u00e1dza sa v Campo San Zanipolo. Op\u00e4\u0165 vzor cnosti, hrdosti a odhodlania, ktor\u00e9 dobre vystihuj\u00fa ide\u00e1l renesan\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Umelec sa na \u017eiados\u0165 Ben\u00e1tskej republiky po v\u00fdvoji voskov\u00e9ho modelu vo svojej florentskej dielni pres\u0165ahoval do Ben\u00e1tok, aby sa postaral o odliatok bronzu do straten\u00e9ho vosku. Tu v\u0161ak Verrocchio zomrel v roku 1488 a nestihol dokon\u010di\u0165 svoju sochu. Z jeho v\u00f4le bol vykonan\u00edm diela poveren\u00fd Floren\u0165an Lorenzo di Credi, ktor\u00fd sa v\u0161ak vzdal v prospech Alessandra Leopardiho, ktor\u00fd tie\u017e v\u010fa\u010dil za zdoben\u00e9 \u010dasti a mramorov\u00fa z\u00e1klad\u0148u.<\/p>\n

Nie je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 odkazy, ktor\u00fdmi sa Verrocchio in\u0161piroval pri navrhovan\u00ed svojho diela: od najnov\u0161ej jazdeckej sochy po Donatellovu Gattamelatu, quadrigu San Marco, jazdeck\u00fd pam\u00e4tn\u00edk zobrazuj\u00faci Marca Aur\u00e9lia a\u017e po Giovanniho Acuta od Paola Uccello alebo do Niccol\u00f2 da Tolentino od Andrea del Castagno v katedr\u00e1le Santa Maria del Fiore. Rot\u00e1cia tiel ko\u0148a a jazdca oznamuje bezprostredn\u00fa akciu. Zdvihnut\u00e1 noha ko\u0148a predstavuje probl\u00e9m statiky, ktor\u00fd je umelec schopn\u00fd \u0161ikovne vyrie\u0161i\u0165, \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1va jazdcovi siln\u00fd pocit pohybu.<\/p>\n

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BRATISLAVA radnica<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Mimoriadne v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm miestom pre mesto Bratislava je Star\u00e1 radnica. Nach\u00e1dzame sa na hlavnom n\u00e1mest\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 aj ako n\u00e1mestie 4. apr\u00edla, na po\u010des\u0165 oslobodenia mesta od Nemcov na konci druhej svetovej vojny.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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S\u00eddlili v nej\u00a0 hlavn\u00e9 mestsk\u00e9 funkcie: bola s\u00eddlom mestsk\u00e9ho zastupite\u013estva a s\u00eddlom richt\u00e1ra, bol v nej ve\u013ek\u00fd arch\u00edv vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch a svetl\u00fdch miestnostiach z\u00edskan\u00fdch v podkrovn\u00fdch miestnostiach, ale nach\u00e1dzala sa tu aj v\u00e4znica, mincov\u0148a, velite\u013estvo str\u00e1\u017eneho r\u00e1du a zbrojnica a trhovisko na jeho vn\u00fatornom n\u00e1dvor\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dnes vyzer\u00e1 ako s\u00fabor budov navz\u00e1jom prepojen\u00fdch, ale postaven\u00fdch v r\u00f4znych obdobiach, harmonick\u00e1 kombin\u00e1cia stredovekej, renesan\u010dnej, barokovej a rokokovej architekt\u00fary. Najstar\u0161iemu jadru zodpoved\u00e1 budova s \u200b\u200bpri\u013eahlou ve\u017eou na v\u00fdchodnej strane n\u00e1mestia: je to star\u00e1 rezidencia prim\u00e1tora, v ktorej dnes s\u00eddli \u010das\u0165 m\u00fazea pam\u00e4ti mesta Bratislavy.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bratislava-Municipio-11.jpg“ title_text=“Bratislava Municipio 11″ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bratislava-Municipio-01.jpg“ title_text=“Bratislava Municipio 01″ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ admin_label=“Mission“ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ background_color=“#f7f7f7″ custom_padding=“40px||||false|false“ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_row column_structure=“1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bratislava-Fontana-Roland-01.jpg“ title_text=“Bratislava Fontana Roland 01″ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bratislava-Municipio-09.jpg“ title_text=“Bratislava Municipio 09″ _builder_version=“4.18.0″ _module_preset=“default“ global_colors_info=“{}“][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.18.0″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“2em“ header_font=“||||||||“ header_2_font=“Abril Fatface||||||||“ header_2_font_size=“56px“ header_2_line_height=“1.1em“ text_line_height_tablet=““ text_line_height_phone=“1.8em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“ header_2_font_size_tablet=“36px“ header_2_font_size_phone=“24px“ header_2_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“ locked=“off“ global_colors_info=“{}“]<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 prvky jasne odkazuj\u00fa na renesan\u010dn\u00fd architektonick\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl: ozvenu n\u00e1jdeme v jednom z pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch port\u00e1lov, v zasadacej miestnosti, na n\u00e1dvor\u00ed a v chodbe ved\u00facej do kapit\u00e1nskej izby, Universitas a Akad\u00e9mia Istropolitany; o nieko\u013eko rokov nesk\u00f4r prv\u00e9 tla\u010den\u00e9 knihy sp\u00f4sobili revol\u00faciu v oblasti kult\u00fary.<\/p>\n

V meste, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010doskoro stalo hlavn\u00fdm mestom Uhorska (1536-1784), sa r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edrili renesan\u010dn\u00e9 ide\u00e1ly. P\u00e1r krokov za radnicou naraz\u00edme na Rolandov\u00fa Font\u00e1nu, najstar\u0161iu font\u00e1nu v Bratislave.<\/p>\n

Je dielom majstra Andreasa Luttingera, ktor\u00fa v roku 1572 nechal postavi\u0165 uhorsk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Maximili\u00e1n II. Habsbursk\u00fd s cie\u013eom zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pre mesto verejn\u00fd vodovod. V strede ve\u013ekej kruhovej n\u00e1dr\u017ee s priemerom 4,5 metra stoj\u00ed na vrchole st\u013apa vysok\u00e9ho asi desa\u0165 metrov socha rytiera v brnen\u00ed. Ide o legend\u00e1rneho Rolanda, ochrancu pr\u00e1v mesta, vyzbrojen\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtom so znakom Uhorsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva, aj ke\u010f nie je nespr\u00e1vne myslie\u0165 si, \u017ee by to mohol by\u0165 s\u00e1m Maximili\u00e1n, ktor\u00e9mu chce tento pam\u00e4tn\u00edk vzda\u0165 \u00factu.<\/p>\n

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Niektor\u00e9 dokumenty ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee t\u00e1to font\u00e1na bola postaven\u00e1 po korunov\u00e1cii cis\u00e1ra (8. septembra 1563), v de\u0148, ke\u010f vypukol ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u017eiar a na tom istom mieste u\u017e st\u00e1la ve\u013ek\u00e1 dreven\u00e1 cisterna, do ktorej bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u010derpa\u0165 vodu v pr\u00edpade potreby.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Font\u00e1na pre\u0161la v priebehu storo\u010d\u00ed nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi prestavbami, ktor\u00e9 zmenili jej p\u00f4vodn\u00fd vzh\u013ead: v z\u00e1sade sa jej tvary museli dobre skombinova\u0165 s renesan\u010dn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom, z ktor\u00e9ho dnes bohu\u017eia\u013e zostala len ozvena.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Homo faber fortunae suae\u010clovek je strojcom svojho \u0161\u0165astiaP\u00fdtali sme sa sami seba ako prebieha prechod od stredovekej k renesan\u010dnej kult\u00fare: ako sa men\u00ed cit \u010dloveka k sebe sam\u00e9mu a k okolit\u00e9mu svetu? \u010co stavia\u0161 do stredu svojho \u017eivota? \u010clovek sa st\u00e1va hlavn\u00fdm hrdinom, schopn\u00fdm riadi\u0165 svoj vlastn\u00fd osud a by\u0165 schopn\u00fd ho formova\u0165, ako nazna\u010duje […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-428","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=428"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":901,"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/428\/revisions\/901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.renaissancebridge.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}